In the pictures emerging on COVID-19, some trends have been
noticeable.
Many of those infected have recovered, while less than
80,000 have died out of the nearly 1.4 million cases so far.
But when it has killed — usually the elderly and those with
underlying conditions — the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has often done so by
leading to pneumonia, the eventual cause of death.
How does the virus
affect the lungs?
Coronavirus: Outside
lungs & inside
Once the virus enters the body, it can cause discomfort when
it reaches the air passages on the outside of the lungs.
These passages conduct air into and from the lungs. The
virus injures the lining of the passageways, and the body responds with an
inflammation, which in turn irritates the nerves in the lining. That is when an
infected person coughs.
Infection can be more severe if the virus goes past the
lining of the airways, and reaches the air sacs at the end of the air passages.
Called alveoli, these sacs are responsible for the exchange
of gas in the lungs. If they get infected, the sacs respond with inflammatory
fluids, which fill the air sacs. That is what leads to pneumonia — when the
lungs’ ability to transfer oxygen is impaired, and the infected person has
difficulty breathing. When a person cannot inhale enough oxygen and exhale
enough carbon dioxide, pneumonia can lead to death.
Who should worry?
The description above is of those who are the most severely
affected. In most cases, the individual will recover after showing symptoms of
varying severity, or none at all.
The least serious patients will show no symptoms after
catching the virus. Some others will get an infection in the upper respiratory
tract — at the lining of the lungs as described — and will develop a cough, may
also have a fever, and will be potential carriers of the virus.
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