Former presidential spokesman, Reuben Abati has laughed at the high rate of First Class degrees being churned out by Nigerian universities. This is contained in his latest article titled, ‘The First Class degrees galore’.
Abati quoted an investigation which revealed that in the last five years, 16 Nigerian universities have produced a total of 3, 499 first class graduates.
The report noted that between 2011 and 2016, 12 of these universities produced 2, 822 First Class graduates, and it seems this First Class galore is a growing fashion, particularly among the private universities.
But Abati is not impressed. He said the development must be looked into to ensure that the First Class holders can actually match their envious degrees intellectually.
He wrote:
This trend should ordinarily be a good thing: if Nigeria can
manage to produce more First Class intellects, this should reflect on the long
run on the country’s business, social, economic and cultural life. We would
have more Ph.Ds hopefully, and so produce more qualified, research academics,
especially now that close to 60% of Nigerian university lecturers do not have a
Ph.D. The more brilliant persons a country’s education system is able to
produce, the better, such persons can indeed make a significant difference and
drive the leadership process on all fronts.
The only problem is that this growing trend needs to
be interrogated. Previously, a First Class degree, the equivalent of a
Distinction, was something quite rare, awarded by Departments after very
careful consideration. I am not too sure that the entire Faculty of Arts of the
University of Ibadan would have awarded up to 3,000 First Class degrees in the
entire history of that Faculty. University departments talked about a
First Class as if it was a comet. When students got a 2:1, they were the real
lords of the Department, and even then a 2:1 was never given out in bus-loads.
I recall the story of a former colleague at the
University of Calabar who was denied a First Class in those days, because he
slapped a young lecturer, who had just been recruited and who did not know that
this particular student was the star of the department and his Faculty.
It was our final exam. He was summoned to appear before a disciplinary panel and told matter-of-factly that university degrees were awarded on the basis of character and learning. Check: it was always character before learning.
He made the First Class grade, but they gave him a 2:1. He was later appointed a Graduate Assistant though. He was also recommended for a Commonwealth Scholarship and sent to Cambridge for graduate studies. He would later prove to be a true First Class Brain. It was also the practice in those days for lecturers to remind brilliant students of the achievements of those who had obtained First Class degrees. Because they were not too many, a First Class graduate served for many years as a role model for succeeding generations.
It was our final exam. He was summoned to appear before a disciplinary panel and told matter-of-factly that university degrees were awarded on the basis of character and learning. Check: it was always character before learning.
He made the First Class grade, but they gave him a 2:1. He was later appointed a Graduate Assistant though. He was also recommended for a Commonwealth Scholarship and sent to Cambridge for graduate studies. He would later prove to be a true First Class Brain. It was also the practice in those days for lecturers to remind brilliant students of the achievements of those who had obtained First Class degrees. Because they were not too many, a First Class graduate served for many years as a role model for succeeding generations.
It was also the case that there were more First Class
graduates in the Sciences, Engineering and the Applied Sciences. The Humanities
produced fewer First Class graduates. Some of our lecturers used to ask: “What
do you want to write that will earn you a First Class? You must be really
exceptional to know all the answers in literature, history or philosophy?”
Those were the days when a Professor would start a class and frighten you with
the information that the last student who scored an A grade in the course was a
certain Professor so and so who ‘sat in this same class 30 years ago!’ If you
must get an A, you’d have to prove to me that you are smarter than him”.
University authorities created such big myths around a First
Class degree that many students just didn’t want to kill themselves trying to
get one, only to be disappointed at the end of the day. The students who tried
were not necessarily popular. They were labeled “Triangular Students”,
“Bookworm”, “Effiko”, or “Akukwo”. Students in the 2:1 category felt more
relaxed, many of them could even be as good as the First Class students, but
just didn’t bother to apply themselves hard enough. The 2:2 students were
easily the most popular. They would proudly tell you “they wanted to pass
through the university and also allow the university to pass through them.”
Maybe they were right.
In later life, many
2:2 graduates still ended up with Ph.Ds and even became Professors, or captains
of industry. We also had those students in the Third Class and Pass categories:
we referred to them jokingly as the “let my people go, no-future-ambition
crowd”. If you ended up with a First Class, your colleagues congratulated and
admired you, but they didn’t feel like they had failed in any way. The
Nigerian education system in those days was so good every graduate left the
campus confident that he or she had been well-equipped. First Class graduates
by the way did not enjoy any special privileges. There were employment
opportunities in the country. Companies came to the schools and the youth
corps camps to recruit prospective staff, and many “let my people go” graduates
also got jobs and opportunities as soon as they graduated!
So much has changed.
It looks like there is now a greater emphasis on people getting better paper
grades, and with the way our universities are churning out the First Class
grades, very soon, there will be a First Class graduate on every street corner.
One justification given for this is that the population of students in Nigerian
universities and the number of courses, have increased. With 153 universities,
we should logically, so the argument goes, expect more First Class graduates.
It is also possible that university students in Nigeria today are smarter than
the ones before them.
Except that the quality of their grades is at variance
with the quality of their skills or the environment that is producing them. No
one will argue that the quality of our universities, both private and public,
is poor, for instance. Where are the outstanding scholars in our
universities who are breeding First Class graduates? Where are the First Class
universities churning out high grades?
Within the same
period that Nigerian universities produced more than 3, 000 First Class
graduates, only one Nigerian university –the University of Ibadan- was ranked
among the world’s top 800 universities, number 601 as at September 2015.
In the older Nigerian system that I described, Nigerian universities boasted of
world-class intellectuals, with some of them ranking among the very best in
their fields. There were top research libraries and laboratories in our
universities and the environment was conducive for intellectual pursuit.
Obafemi Awolowo University, known then as the
University of Ife, was considered the most beautiful campus in Africa! Tourists
visited our universities to visit either the zoos or take pictures. The
animals in the zoos have been sold or eaten, the libraries are old, with a few
now digitalized, the laboratories are either non-existent or they lack
equipment. The university authorities complain of poor funding; the lecturers
do not always get their salaries and research grants.
The idea of the university is in trouble. These days,
Nigerian academics become Professors with “scholarly, research essays”
published in departmental journals or in journals published by their friends in
other departments and printed in Somolu or Dubai. There are Professors who have
never published an article in a leading international journal or conducted any
significant research. A National Universities Commission official quoted by the Daily
Trust tried to justify the First Class galore in Nigerian universities by
saying NUC is not aware of anybody buying First Class degrees and that “our
system is one of the best.” I hope that is not the mind-set of the NUC.
Could it be that the examinations have become too easy
or that the teachers have become less rigorous in setting standards? It is sad
to hear for example, that students in the Humanities, and Management and Social
Sciences in some universities now sit only for multiple-choice examinations at
the end of the semester, because they are so many and the lecturers can’t mark
exam papers?
Our education system is far behind the rest of the
world. Are we dealing with a problem of grade inflation? Any degree at all, is useless
without the skills and competence to justify it. Private universities in
Nigeria are reportedly more notorious for giving out high grades as a marketing
strategy to attract rich parents to patronize them. A First Class or 2:1
degree may get you a job, and provide you an advantage in the face of the
unemployment crisis in the country, but what will keep you on the job is
something far more than the paper you hold: talent, skills, competence,
creativity, people and communication skills and the ability to work with a team
to achieve results. Many employers of labour in Nigeria have had to retrain new
recruits because they are often confronted with graduates with good grades, who
can neither write nor think, or who may have learnt whatever they know through
simulation or alternative methods. This is the real, worrisome trend, and
it only gets worse: the evidence can be seen, increasingly, in the low quality
of public debate, the public and private sectors and our cultural life.
Many professional associations try to raise the bar by
setting rigorous standards for membership qualification, but of what use is a
university system that may have adopted the tactics of GSM companies, offering
bonus top ups, to gain market share?
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